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Political parties in the United States
This article presents the historical development and role of political parties in United States politics, and outlines more extensively the significant modern political parties. Throughout most of its history, American politics have been dominated by a two-party system. However, the United States Constitution has always been silent on the issue of political parties; at the time it was signed in 1787, there were no parties in the nation. Indeed, no nation in the world had voter-based political parties. The need to win popular support in a republic led to the American invention of voter-based political parties in the 1790s. Americans were especially innovative in devising new campaign techniques that linked public opinion with public policy through the party.〔Robert J. Dinkin, ''Campaigning in America: A History of Election Practices.'' ((Greenwood 1989) online version )
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Political scientists and historians have divided the development of America's two-party system into five eras.〔Paul Kleppner, et al. ''The Evolution of American Electoral Systems'' (1983),〕 The modern two-party system consists of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Several third parties also operate in the U.S., and from time to time elect someone to local office.〔William B. Hesseltine, ''Third-Party Movements in the United States'' (1962)〕 The largest third party since the 1980s is the Libertarian Party.
==Modern U.S. political party system==
The modern political party system in the U.S. is a two-party system dominated by the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. These two parties have won every United States presidential election since 1852 and have controlled the United States Congress to some extent since at least 1856.
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